Adelsverein, the Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas, organized on April 20, 1842, was a colonial attempt to establish a new Germany A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, has been known and documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. During the 16th century, northern Germany became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. As a modern nation-state, [1] within the borders of Texas Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States, while San Antonio is the second largest in the state and seventh largest in the United States. Dallas–Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and sixth largest United States metropolitan areas, respectively. Other major cities include El Paso and Austin—the. [2]
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History
Adelsverein was organized on April 20, 1842, by twenty-one German noblemen at Biebrich Biebrich is a borough of the city of Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany. With over 36,000 inhabitants, it is the most-populated of Wiesbaden's boroughs. It is located south of the the city center on the Rhine River, opposite the Mainz borough of Mombach. Biebrich was an independent city until it was incorporated into Wiesbaden in 1926 on the Rhine The Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at about 1,232 km (766 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 m3/s (71,000 cu ft/s). The society represented a significant effort to establish a new Germany on Texas soil through organized mass emigration.[2] In Germany the society is commonly referred to as Mainzer Adelsverein after the city of Mainz Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was a politically important seat of the Prince-elector of Mainz (see: Archbishopric of Mainz) under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of where it was officially registered in.
Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels (July 27, 1812 - November 13, 1875), was born in Neustrelitz as Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ludwig Georg Alfred Alexander, Prince of Solms, Lord of Braunfels, Grafenstein, Münzenberg, Wildenfels, and Sonnenwalde. He was the offspring of Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Solms-Braunfels and Princess Friederike of Mecklenburg- was appointed commissioner general by the Adelsverein in May, 1844 to lead its colony in Texas. The first Adelsverein sponsored immigrants arrived in Galveston Galveston is a coastal city located on Galveston Island in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2005 U.S. Census estimate, the city had a total population of 57,466 within an area of 208 square miles (540 km2). Located within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area, the city is the seat and second-largest city of Galveston County in in July, 1844. They traveled from Galveston to Indianola Indianola is a ghost town located on Matagorda Bay in Calhoun County, Texas, United States. The community, once the county seat of Calhoun County, is a part of the Victoria, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1875, the city had a population of 5,000, but on September 15 of that year, a powerful hurricane struck, killing between 150 and 300 in December, 1844 and then moved inland to land grants acquired by the Adelsverein near Comal Springs Comal Springs are the largest concentration of naturally occurring freshwater springs in Texas. They are located in the city of New Braunfels and are the result of water percolating through the Edwards Aquifer formation. The settlement was named New Braunfels New Braunfels (pronounced /ˌnjuː ˈbrɔːnfəlz/ ) is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas that is a principal city of the San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan area. Braunfels means "brown rock" in German; the city is named for Braunfels, in Germany. The city's population was 36,494 as of the 2000 in honor of Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels.
New Braunfels was the first colony set up for German immigrants in 1845. The second colony, Fredericksburg Fredericksburg is a city in Gillespie County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,911 at the 2000 census, and 10,432 in the 2005 census estimate. It is the county seat of Gillespie County, was established on May 8, 1846 near the Pedernales River The Pedernales River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 106 miles (171 km) long, in central Texas in the United States. It drains an area of the Edwards Plateau, flowing west to east across the Texas Hill Country west of Austin. The name "Pedernales", first used in the middle 18th century, comes from a Spanish word for.[2]. Fredericksburg is named after Prince Frederick of Prussia Prussia (German: Preußen ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Latvian: Prūsija; Lithuanian: Prūsija; Polish: Prusy; Old Prussian: Prūsa) was a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries this state had substantial influence on German and European history. The last capital of the state of, nephew of Prussia's King Frederick William III Frederick William III (3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel (1797–1806 and again 1813–1840), who was a member of the Adelsverein.
Baron Otfried Hans von Meusebach John O. Meusebach , born Baron Otfried Hans von Meusebach, was at first a Prussian bureaucrat, later an American farmer and politician who served in the Texas State Senate was appointed the second commissioner general of the Adelsverein in April, 1845, after Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels left New Braunfels.
Between 1842 and 1845, Shelby, Texas became a small German farming community in Austin County Austin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The population was 23,590 at the 2000 census. Its county seat is Bellville. Austin County is named for Stephen F. Austin, who facilitated the Anglo American colonization of Texas and is known as the "Father of Texas.". In 1843, Count Ludwig Joseph von Boos-Waldeck Count Ludwig Joseph von Boos-Waldeck was a German noble who promoted the settling of Texas by Germans bought a plantation in Fayette County Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of 2000, the population was 21,804. Its county seat is La Grange. Fayette is named for the Marquis de la Fayette, a French nobleman who became an American Revolutionary War hero. Fayette County is the location of the real Chicken Ranch, which was the basis of the movie The Best to be used in the Adelsverein effort. Nassau Farm, a "manor house" retreat for the Society's officials, was built during this period.[3]
In 1853, due to a large amount of debt, Adelsverein ended its colonization campaign in Texas.[4] It was succeeded by the German Immigration Company.
Settlements
- Castell, Texas Castell is a small unincorporated riverside town in Llano County, Texas, United States. Located in the heart of the Texas Hill Country, its northern border is formed by the Llano River
- Fredericksburg, Texas Fredericksburg is a city in Gillespie County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,911 at the 2000 census, and 10,432 in the 2005 census estimate. It is the county seat of Gillespie County
- New Braunfels, Texas New Braunfels (pronounced /ˌnjuː ˈbrɔːnfəlz/ ) is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas that is a principal city of the San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan area. Braunfels means "brown rock" in German; the city is named for Braunfels, in Germany. The city's population was 36,494 as of the 2000
- Shelby, Texas Shelby is an unincorporated town in Austin County, Texas, United States. Shelby was settled in the early 1840s. The community was named for David Shelby, one of the first settlers in the area. Most of the early residents were members of Adelsverein, and for a time the community was identified with the Latin Settlements of Texas
- Sisterdale, Texas
- Nassau Plantation, Fayette County, Texas Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of 2000, the population was 21,804. Its county seat is La Grange. Fayette is named for the Marquis de la Fayette, a French nobleman who became an American Revolutionary War hero. Fayette County is the location of the real Chicken Ranch, which was the basis of the movie The Best
Leadership
- Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels
- Count Ludwig Joseph von Boos-Waldeck Count Ludwig Joseph von Boos-Waldeck was a German noble who promoted the settling of Texas by Germans
- Baron August von Bibra August Ludwig Karl Georg Friedrich Freiherr von Bibra was director of the business affairs of Hermann, prince of Wied. He became general manager of the Adelsverein, or Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas ("Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas")
- Friedrich Kapp
- John O. Meusebach John O. Meusebach , born Baron Otfried Hans von Meusebach, was at first a Prussian bureaucrat, later an American farmer and politician who served in the Texas State Senate
External links
- Solms-Braunfels Archives, 1842-1957
- English Biography August von Bibra
- The Germans: Geh mit ins Texas Article in English
- Article in English on the Verein
- Immigration Contract 1845
References
- ^ TSHA Online - Texas State Historical Association
- ^ a b c TSHA Online - Texas State Historical Association
- ^ Chronology of Central European Colonization in Texas
- ^ The German Texans
Categories: Pre-state history of Texas | Former political entities in North America | Former regions and territories of the United States Categories: History of the United States by location | History of United States expansionism | Historical regions | Regions of the United States | Subdivisions of the United States | Territories | Former subdivisions of countries | States and territories established in 1842
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